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You are correct about anemia increasing the A1C; it must be corrected before judging A1c results. Here is the summary of one study with otherwise healthy subjects with iron deficiency anemia (IDA): Before iron treatment, the mean HbA1c (7.4 /- 0.8%) level in patients with IDA was higher than in a healthy group (5.9% /- 0.5) (p < 0.001). In patients with IDA, HbA1c decreased significantly after iron treatment from a mean of 7.4% /- 0.8 to 6.2% /- 0.6 (p < 0.001). Iron deficiency must be corrected before any diagnostic or therapeutic decision is made based on HbA1c. More info here:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15345893
Testing your blood glucose 1 hour after meals will give you the info you need to know about your glucose control; when your A1c is below 8 then the biggest influence comes from what we call the post-prandial (after eating) numbers. A post meal blood glucose should be less than 180 mg/dl on your meter; if it's not then you know that your body is not managing carbohydrates well. Medications can be used to target post meal blood glucose elevations; exercise can also lower them.
Talking to an endo about medication options is a great idea; he or she can also advise you on the how the degree of your anemia is influencing your A1c.
Kind regards, LaurieView Thread

What time do you typically test in the AM to get those fasting numbers? As Gomer mentioned, one cause of an increase in the morning glucose is the dawn phenomenon. This is a rise in glucose starting about 2 hours before you typically get up in the AM and it's the body's way of preparing for the day. The hormones work to increase not only your blood glucose, but also your heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing rate just a bit to prepare you to get out of bed and be ready to move about your day. The dawn phenomenon can cause some people to have their highest blood glucose of the day first thing in the morning. One way to stop this response is to eat some food; once the body realizes that it's receiving another source of glucose it will stop producing it (this is not immediate, like flipping a switch, so it can continue to rise for a bit after you eat). This is why your blood glucose will continue to rise when you are fasting for blood work; it's producing the glucose needed to feed your brain and body in the absence of food.
Another cause of high blood glucose in the morning is the somogyi effect. This happens when one has a low blood glucose overnight (typically about 2-3 AM) and the body responds to the low by causing an increase in blood glucose. The cause of an overnight low can be late day exercise, the content and timing of food (and/or alcohol if you imbibe) intake in the evening, or the need for medication adjustment. While many people will awaken with a low glucose overnight, others will sleep through the low and then awaken with an elevated blood glucose that is puzzling to them. If you think this is the cause of an excessively high morning blood glucose (typically over 200) then set your alarm for between 2-3 AM and check your blood glucose; if you are lower than 70 mg/dl overnight then discuss the results with your health care provider. Kind regards, Laurie
Laurie J Anderson, MSN, RNP, CDOE
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It's also possible that a medication that has been effective in the past stops working due to changes in your weight, metabolism, exercise levels or eating habits. Would you tell me a little more about how you are eating. Since you don't like meat, what are you substituting? I am not a huge meat fan either, although I do eat some; I try to make a number of meals vegetarian choices every week. I spent a number of years eating a completely vegetarian diet and since that time there are now a lot of soy, plant, and vegetable protein based foods that I didn't have years ago. For example, there is a brand called Quorn that is made from mushrooms and has been turned into a ground meat substitute (great for tacos, chilli, meat sauces), burgers, "chicken" patties and nuggets. I find that my hunger is more stable if I get enough protein in my diet and there are ways to do that without consuming meat. It is also important to limit carb portions (perhaps 45 grams per meal) and make them complex, such as brown rice and whole grain or low carb/high protein pastas in appropriate portions. Have you met with a dietitian to see what you might do with food choices to improve your blood glucose?
Milk thistle is known to help the liver heal when it is injured; I will have to do some reading but I have never seen it indicated for diabetes. There are supplements and herbals that have shown some evidence in helping to improve blood glucose, but I would recommend seeking the advice of a licensed practitioner such as a naturopath before taking these kinds of medications as they can have side effects and interactions with your metformin. Please don't get me wrong; I am a strong advocate of alternative medications as long as they are prescibed safely, have evidence of effectiveness (sometimes this means studies in Europe, where they are more commonly used), and are monitored to make sure they are notr causing harm.
Kind regards, LaurieView Thread

I think this is unlikely to be related to blood glucose; it is more likely to neurogenic syncope, postural orthostatic hypotension (POTS), heart arrhythmia, or frank seizure disorder. He may be "afaid" of a seizure diagnosis because he's going to be told he can't drive for some time; in my opintion he should not drive or perform other potentially dangerous activities such as climb a ladder, use power tools, swim, or bathe in a tub until this is appropriately diagnosed and treated. If this were a member of my family I would pursue two avenues: a neurologist and a cardiologist. The neurologist would get the MRI/MRA and the EEG to evaluate for seizures, brain abnormalities and circulation problems. The cardiologist could set up a continuous heart monitoring system that would record the next event, a stress test for heart function, and tilt able testing for neurogenic syncope/POTS.
Kind regards, Laurie Anderson, MSN, RNP, CDOEView Thread

Very good plan to start the metformin slowly; to increase the dose too quickly can cause a lot of GI upset. This is a very good medication choice to start with, because it can assist you in your weight loss efforts. It can take about 10 days to 2 weeks for this medication to have all the effect you are going to see from the current dose; the maximum dose is technically 2550 mg a day, but generally one gets the maximum effect from 2000 mg per day, taken as 1000 mg twice a day. It comes in an extended release form that can be taken once a day, and this form often causes less GI upset. Kindly, LaurieView Thread

Very good plan to start the metformin slowly; to increase the dose too quickly can cause a lot of GI upset. This is a very good medication choice to start with, because it can assist you in your weight loss efforts. It can take about 10 days to 2 weeks for this medication to have all the effect you are going to see from the current dose; the maximum dose is technically 2550 mg a day, but generally one gets the maximum effect from 2000 mg per day, taken as 1000 mg twice a day. It comes in an extended release form that can be taken once a day, and this form often causes less GI upset. Kindly, LaurieView Thread

I think "verbatim" may be stretching it a bit, but for the vast majority of individuals, what I said is true. MOST people don't choose to take control of their diabetes in the way that you have, and you are certainly to be commended for your dedication. I wish that all of the individuals that I work with had your attitude, and most of them would have your success. That is why I told Denise that she could potentially stave off the addition of medications (or multiples of them) for some time by the choices that she makes now. I don't think I am negative at all, but I am a realist. I tell people every day that they can make choices that can prevent the need for medications. I work to help them to understand what barriers they face to changing their behaviors. I do this over and over with each of them, every time that I see them. I prescribe medications, and I tell them they are tools we have taken out of the kit to help them stay healthy and control their glucose and give them time to lose weight, develop an exercise habit, and change the habits that led to the need for medications. We are sometimes successful, and as promised, I back off and stop medications whenever I can. We put those tools back in the kit, but for most people they eventually come out again. I appreciate that you are here to tell people that you have been successful at managing your diabetes by the choices that you make every day, because there is nothing potentially more powerful than the success of one's peer. Keep encouraging other toward your success! Kind regards, LaurieView Thread

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An average glucose of 253 mg/dl is equal to a hemoglobin A1c of 10.4%; this is well above the goal of less than 7% for most individuals. A word of caution about goal numbers; individuals should talk with their health care providers (HCP) about what their individual goals should be. For example, many HCPs will set a fasting goal of <120 mg/dl for individuals who might be harmed by glucose control that is too tight, for example an elderly person at risk for falls.
It is important that you realize that no matter how careful you are about your diet and no matter how much you exercise, it is the NATURAL PROGRESSION of diabetes to eventually need medications and for most people, to eventually need insulin as one of those medications, even for those with type 2. The more one is able to control their glucose and weight within in a normal or near-normal range, the longer one may be able to put off adding medications, but in your case, it would appear that you are ready for some additional tools in your kit to help you control your glucose. I'd suggest that you make an appointment with your HCP to discuss your glucose trends and how medication might help you to attain an A1c at goal.
Kind regards, LaurieView Thread
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